In this collection we revisit the enduring phenomenon of uncertainty in health care, and
demonstrate how it still offers coherence and significance as an analytic concept. Through …

Pediatric opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal are avoidable complications of pain and
sedation management that is well described in the literature. To prevent withdrawal from …

Exposure to drugs during pregnancy has the potential to harm offspring. Teratogenic effects
are the most feared adverse outcomes in newborns; however, a wide spectrum of less …

Background Prenatal drug exposure (PDE) is a global public health problem that is strongly
associated with the need for child protection services, including placement into out-of-home …

Background Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to opioid withdrawal may result in
disruption of the mother‐infant relationship, sleep‐wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties …

Substance use (SU) during pregnancy is on the rise, posing significant risks to the
developing fetus. The adverse impact of maternal alcohol and nicotine use during the …

Background: The severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) may be assessed with
the Finnegan score (FS). Since the FS is laborious and subjective, alternative ways of …

The two primary classes of opioid substances are morphine and its synthetic derivative,
heroin. Opioids can cross the placental barrier, reaching fetal circulation. Therefore, at any …

Introduction 2.1. A discussion of the opioid epidemic in America: past and present 2.2. Facts
from the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) about the opioid epidemic 2.3 …

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a constellation of signs and symptoms and is a
consequence of the sudden discontinuation of fetal exposure to substances that were used …