For hundreds of years, mankind has been influencing its sleep and waking state through the
adenosinergic system. For~ 100 years now, systematic research has been performed, first …

Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa.
Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Sleep is a fundamental biological process observed widely in the animal kingdom, but the
neural circuits generating sleep remain poorly understood. Understanding the brain …

Most animals require sleep, and sleep loss induces serious pathophysiological
consequences, including death. Previous experimental approaches for investigating sleep …

We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but
these changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that …

Sleep is a complex physiological process that is regulated globally, regionally, and locally
by both cellular and molecular mechanisms. It occurs to some extent in all animals, although …

The accumulation of adenosine is strongly correlated with the need for sleep and the
detection of sleep pressure is antagonised by caffeine. Caffeine also affects the circadian …

A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and
neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter …