Background The hemodynamic impact of induction agents is a critically important
consideration in emergency intubations. We assessed the relationship between peri …

BACKGROUND Intravenous ketamine is commonly used for pain management in the
civilian prehospital setting. Several studies have evaluated its effectiveness in the military …

Background: Most potentially preventable deaths occur in the prehospital setting before
reaching a military treatment facility with surgical capabilities. Thus, optimizing the care we …

The provision of analgesia in mass casualty incidents has traditionally been viewed as low-
priority and reserved for later stages of care. Poor pain management is commonplace in …

FDA-approved indications encompass acute and chronic pain, with notable efficacy in
palliative/end-of-life care, cancer treatment, and sickle cell crisis. This review delineates the …

The endogenous opioid neuropeptide Beta-endorphin is produced in the pituitary gland and
stored in vesicles, it is an analgesic and relieves pain. The natural compound morphine is …

Objectives: Review the mechanism of action of morphine. Identify the approved and off-label
indications for using morphine. Explain the contraindications and adverse events associated …

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable battlefield and civilian trauma deaths. Low-
dose (ie, an analgesic dose) morphine is recommended for use in the prehospital (ie, field) …

Introduction Hemorrhage is the leading threat to the survival of battlefield casualties. This
study aims to investigate the types of fluids and blood products administered in prehospital …

Abstract Introduction: The Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) offers a laboratory for
study of combat casualty care delivery during brigade-sized collective training exercises. We …