Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem. Although efforts to control the
epidemic have reduced mortality and incidence, there are several predisposing factors that …

The risk of exposure, progression to active tuberculosis (TB) and then to cure is a process
affected by several risk factors. Along with well known risk factors such as human …

Background The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be
debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but …

The WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening–systematic
screening for tuberculosis disease is an updated and consolidated summary of WHO …

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that post-TB lung disease (PTLD) causes
significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance …

Abstract The nine Bradford Hill (BH) viewpoints (sometimes referred to as criteria) are
commonly used to assess causality within epidemiology. However, causal thinking has …

Confinement to the home and psychological distress due to the coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic may lead to harmful health behaviors, such as overeating, sedentary …

The classical portrayal of poor health in tropical countries is one of infections and parasites,
contrasting with wealthy Western countries, where unhealthy diet and behaviours cause non …

This review discusses the inconsistent recommendations on alcohol consumption and its
association with chronic disease, highlighting the need for an evidence-based consensus …

Alcohol use has been causally linked to more than 200 disease and injury conditions, as
defined by three-digit ICD-10 codes. The understanding of how alcohol use is related to …