Bacteria respond to nutritional stresses by changing the cellular concentration of the
alarmone (p) ppGpp. This control mechanism, called the stringent response, depends on …

The alarmone (p) ppGpp is commonly used by bacteria to quickly respond to nutrient
starvation. Although (p) ppGpp synthetases such as SpoT have been extensively studied …

Flavonoids have diverse biological functions in human health. All flavonoids contain a
common 2-phenyl chromone structure (C6-C3-C6) as a scaffold. Hence, in using such a …

At the junction between the glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle—as well as various
other metabolic pathways—lies the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-pyruvate-oxaloacetate …

Mannose transporters constitute a superfamily (Man-PTS) of the Phosphoenolpyruvate
Carbohydrate Phosphotransferase System (PTS). The membrane complexes are …

Klebsiella (nee Enterobacter) aerogenes is the first human gut commensal bacterium with a
documented sensitivity to the pineal/gastrointestinal hormone melatonin. Exogenous …

In order to persist, successful bacterial inhabitants of the human gut need to adapt to
changing nutrient conditions, which are influenced by host diet and a variety of other factors …

Antimicrobial resistance is well-known to be a global health and development threat. Due to
the decrease of effective antimicrobials, re-evaluation in clinical practice of old antibiotics, as …

Overflow metabolism is a common phenomenon observed at higher glycolytic flux in many
bacteria, yeast (known as Crabtree effect), and mammalian cells including cancer cells …

Reversible protein phosphorylation is the main mechanism of signal transduction that
enables cells to rapidly respond to environmental changes by controlling the functional …