Spinal cord injury (SCI) is globally considered as one of the most debilitating disorders,
which interferes with daily activities and life of the affected patients. Despite many …

Inflamm-aging depicts the progressive activation of the innate immune system that
accompanies human aging. Its role as a disease-predisposing condition has been …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a key role in detecting pathogens by producing
large amounts of type I interferon (IFN) by sensing the presence of viral infections through …

Objective Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing TTAGGG motifs suppress the
production of proinflammatory cytokines and have been proven effective at blocking the …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the innate recognition of foreign material and their
activation leads to both innate and adaptive immune responses directed against invading …

We have developed novel antisense oligonucleotide-formulated microspheres that can
reverse hyperglycemia in newly-onset diabetic mice. Dendritic cells taking up the …

A number of studies have shown that the natural killer T cell (NKT) ligand α-
galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) serves as an adjuvant for various vaccines, including viral …

This review focuses on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in lupus and on possibilities to
treat lupus using TLR modulating inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides (INH-ODNs). TLRs …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are mediators of the innate immune response to exogenous
pathogens. They have also been implicated in sterile inflammation associated with systemic …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG sequences (CpG‐ODNs)
stimulate Toll‐like receptor‐9 (TLR‐9), thereby activating innate immunity. Stimulatory CpG …