Light has profoundly influenced the evolution of life on earth. As widely appreciated, light
enables us to generate images of our environment. However, light—through intrinsically …

Much of the current science on, and mathematical modeling of, dynamic changes in human
performance within and between days is dominated by the two-process model of sleep …

Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood
disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior …

In modern society, the widespread use of artificial light at night disrupts the suprachiasmatic
nucleus (SCN), which serves as our central circadian clock. Existing models describe …

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central clock for circadian rhythms. Animal
studies have revealed daily rhythms in the neuronal activity in the SCN. However, the …

Circadian rhythms are driven by a transcription–translation feedback loop that separates
anabolic and catabolic processes across the Earth's 24-h light–dark cycle. Central …

Our previous study demonstrated that physical exercise under dim lights (< 10 lux)
accelerated reentrainment of the sleep-wake cycle but not the circadian melatonin rhythm to …

The macroscopic extrinsic white matter connectivity and the internal structure of the
hypothalamus are still incompletely defined in humans. We investigated whether in-vivo …

Melanopsin, a G family coupled receptor, found within the ganglion cell layer in the retina,
plays an important role in non-image-forming visual functions, including hormone secretion …

Insomnia is a conspicuous problem in modern 24 h society. In this brief overview,
medications used to treat insomnia such as hypnotics, sedatives, medications inducing …