Introduction Muscle synergies have been proposed as a strategy employed by the central
nervous system to control movements. Muscle synergy analysis is a well-established …

Background Abnormal patterns of muscle co-activation contribute to impaired movement
after stroke. Previously, we developed a myoelectric computer interface (MyoCI) training …

Isometric force generation and kinematic reaching in the upper extremity has been found to
be represented by a limited number of muscle synergies, even across task-specific …

Sensor-based assessments in medical practice and rehabilitation include the measurement
of physiological signals such as EEG, EMG, ECG, heart rate, and NIRS, and the recording of …

The generation of isometric force at the hand can be mediated by activating a few motor
modules. Stroke induces alterations in motor modules underlying steady-state isometric …

The boundary-based assist-as-needed (BAAN) force field is widely used in robotic
rehabilitation and has shown promising results in improving trunk control and postural …

The human motor system is a complex neuro-musculo sensory system that needs further
investigations of neuro-muscular commands and sensory-motor coupling to decode …

The cable-driven exoskeleton can avoid joint misalignment, and is substantial alterations in
the pattern of muscle synergy coordination, which arouse more attention in recent years to …

Estimation of the force exerted by muscles from their electromyographic (EMG) activity may
be useful to control robotic devices. Approximating end-point forces as a linear combination …

Quantitative assessment of upper limb motor function aids therapists in providing
appropriate rehabilitation strategies, which plays an essential role in post-stroke …