Collagen is an insoluble fibrous protein that composes the extracellular matrix in animals.
Although collagen has been used as a biomaterial since 1881, the properties and the …

Biomedical implants have been widely used in various orthopedic treatments, including total
hip arthroplasty, joint arthrodesis, fracture fixation, non-union, dental repair, etc. The modern …

Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and
organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable …

Interest in strontium (Sr) has persisted over the last three decades due to its unique
mechanism of action: it simultaneously promotes osteoblast function and inhibits osteoclast …

Bone fractures are common in clinics and the demand for effective repair material is high.
Unfortunately, limited graft availability, donor site morbidities, unpredictable clinical …

It is well known that bone loss accompanies aging in both men and women and contributes
to skeletal fragility in the older population, but changes that occur to the bone tissue matrix …

Bone's remarkable mechanical properties are a result of its hierarchical structure. The
mineralized collagen fibrils, made up of collagen fibrils and crystal platelets, are bone's …

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have normal‐to‐high BMDs, but,
counterintuitively, have greater fracture risks than people without T2DM, even after …

Abstract Purpose of Review While thinning of the cortices or trabeculae weakens bone, age-
related changes in matrix composition also lower fracture resistance. This review …

Type I collagen and nanocrystalline-substituted hydroxyapatite are the major components of
a natural composite—bone tissue. Both of these materials also play a significant role in …