Objectives A new treatable venous disorder, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
(CCSVI), has been proposed in patients with multiple sclerosis. The natural course of CCSVI …

Objectives Duplex sonography has been proposed as a diagnostic modality for detection of
chronic cerebrovascular venous insufficiency, a recently proposed hypothesis of multiple …

External jugular vein (EJV) aneurysms represent a rare condition whose origin, evolution
and consequent best therapeutic options still need further investigations. We present herein …

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still largely unknown and it has been proposed that
an impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system, defined as chronic …

Because the internal jugular vein (IJV) valve is the only protective valve between the brain
and heart, recent studies have focused on the dynamic behaviour of the valve and its …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular condition characterized by
morphologic alterations involving efferent cerebral vascular paths. CCSVI has been …

This review discusses a potential vascular basis for multiple sclerosis (MS). The idea that
MS could be related to vascular disease is not new, with the first reports describing …

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to measure the mean diameter of the confluence
jugulo-subclavian, the impact of different types of jugular confluences and the correlation …

Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate if venous blood coming from
the brain and spinal cord in multiple sclerosis patients contains abnormal concentrations of …

We present a 23 years old Caucasian female patient with multiple sclerosis and Chronic
Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency, treated by venous angioplasty of the extracranial veins …