An increase in fat mass is considered to be an important risk factor for the worldwide
increase in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, for a given fat mass, there …

A BMI in the normal range associates with a decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease and
all-cause mortality. However, not all subjects in this BMI range have this low risk. Compared …

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the discovery of leptin, which has tremendously
stimulated translational obesity research. The discovery of leptin has led to realizations that …

Consistent evidence associates IGF-1 deficiency and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we
will focus on the metabolic effects of IGF-1, the concept of metabolic syndrome and its …

Since the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and more effective
treatments for AIDS, there has been a dramatic shift from the weight loss and wasting that …

Leptin has key roles in the regulation of energy balance, body weight, metabolism, and
endocrine function. Leptin levels are undetectable or very low in patients with lipodystrophy …

The treatment of metabolic disease is becoming an increasingly important component of the
long-term management of patients with well controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) …

Leptin is an adipokine and its name derives from the Greek word lepto 2 (leptos), which
means thin. Since its initial discovery in 1994, important advances have been made, and …

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension,
and insulin resistance. A number of theories have been speculated for the pathogenesis of …

Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of physiological changes characterized by a
selective loss of fatty tissue. Here, no fat cells are present, either through lack of …