Markovian reservoir engineering, in which time evolution of a quantum system is governed
by a Lindblad master equation, is a powerful technique in studies of quantum phases of …

We comprehensively review the quantum theory of the polarization properties of light. In
classical optics, these traits are characterized by the Stokes parameters, which can be …

The hybrid quantum-classical algorithm is actively examined as a technique applicable even
to intermediate-scale quantum computers. To execute this algorithm, the hardware efficient …

Structured light, as a general term for arbitrary states of amplitude, phase, and polarization in
optical fields, is highly topical because of a myriad of applications it has fostered. A …

Given the density matrix rho of a bipartite quantum state, the quantum separability problem
asks whether rho is entangled or separable. In 2003, Gurvits showed that this problem is NP …

Efficient deterministic algorithms are proposed with logarithmic step complexities for the
generation of entangled GHZ N and WN states useful for quantum networks, and an …

We propose a new duality relation between codimension-two space-like surfaces in
gravitational theories and quantum states in dual Hilbert spaces. This surface state …

Classical reinforcement learning (CRL) has been widely applied in neuroscience and
psychology; however, quantum reinforcement learning (QRL), which shows superior …

Absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states are those multipartite quantum states that
carry absolute maximum entanglement in all possible bipartitions. AME states are known to …

Deterministic classical dynamical systems have an ergodic hierarchy, from ergodic through
mixing, to Bernoulli systems that are “as random as a coin toss.” Dual-unitary circuits have …