Reciprocal interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues play a fundamental
role in the morphogenesis of teeth and regulate all aspects of tooth development. Extensive …

BMP signaling is one of the key pathways regulating craniofacial development. It is involved
in the early patterning of the head, the development of cranial neural crest cells, and facial …

Tooth number abnormality is one of the most common dental developmental diseases,
which includes both tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Tooth development is …

Four conserved signaling pathways, including the bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmp),
fibroblast growth factors (Fgf), sonic hedgehog (Shh), and wingless-related (Wnt) pathways …

A major flaw in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) management is late diagnosis. Activity-
dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a most frequent de novo mutated ASD-related …

Cleft palate is one of the most common birth defects in humans. Whereas gene knockout
studies in mice have shown that both the Osr2 and Pax9 transcription factors are essential …

Clefts of the palate and/or lip are among the most common human craniofacial
malformations and involve multiple genetic and environmental factors. Defects can only be …

Abstract Development of teeth depends on the reciprocal interactions between the surface
epithelium (ectoderm) and the underlying neural crest-derived mesenchyme. These …

Tooth agenesis is one of the predominant developmental anomalies in humans, usually
affecting the permanent dentition generated by sequential tooth formation and, in most …

Developmental genetic studies of evolved differences in morphology have led to the
hypothesis that cis-regulatory changes often underlie morphological evolution. However …