BACKGROUND Historical accounts linking cancer and microbes date as early as four
millennia ago. After establishment of the germ theory of infectious diseases, clinical research …

The incidence of celiac disease is increasing, partly because of improved recognition of, and
testing for, the disease. The rise in incidence is also due to a real increase of this immune …

Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967,
our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE‐mediated allergies has …

The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that can mediate the interaction of the
human host with their environment. The interaction between gut microbes and commonly …

Among human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated disorders, celiac disease has an
immunopathogenesis that is particularly well understood. The condition is characterized by …

Human leucocyte antigen B* 27 (HLA-B* 27) is strongly associated with inflammatory
diseases of the spine and pelvis (for example, ankylosing spondylitis (AS)) and the eye (that …

Autoimmune diseases are a result of the immune system being misdirected toward its host
and have major and increasing unmet clinical needs. In general, present therapies are …

Antibiotic use is increasing worldwide. However, the use of antibiotics is clearly associated
with changes in gut microbiome composition and function, and perturbations have been …

As a major arm of the cellular immune response, CD4+ T cells are important in the control
and clearance of infections. Primarily described as helpers, CD4+ T cells play an integral …

The gluten-free food market is growing with the increases in the number of people who
adhere to gluten-free diet. The noteworthy increase in the number of people following a …