HIV prevalence is increasing worldwide because people on antiretroviral therapy are living
longer, although new infections decreased from 3· 3 million in 2002, to 2· 3 million in 2012 …

The natural process of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is
characterized by high viral load, immune cell exhaustion, and immunodeficiency, which …

Background: Microbial translocation has been associated with an increase in immune
activation and inflammation in HIV infection despite effective highly active antiretroviral …

Inflammation is a hallmark of HIV infection. Among the multiple stimuli that can induce
inflammation in untreated infection, ongoing viral replication is a primary driver. After …

Currently, HIV infection and AIDS are still one of the most important epidemic diseases
around the world. As early in the initial stage of HIV epidemic, the high incidence of ADCs …

Increased life expectancy due to improved efficacy of cART has uncovered an increased risk
of age-related morbidities in HIV+ individuals and catalyzed significant research into …

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are living longer since the advent of
effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). While cART substantially decreases the …

The human gammaherpesvirus family includes Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human
herpesvirus (HHV)-8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV). In …

Background: HIV infection is associated with a marked increase in risk for non-Hodgkin
lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). However, the mechanisms that promote the development of AIDS …

Bacterial translocation (BT), with antibiotic use as an inducer, is associated with increased
risk of developing multiple inflammatory disorders, and is closely associated with intestinal …