Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) affect essential functions not only in the CNS, but also
cause persistent gut dysfunctions, suggesting that they have an impact on both CNS and gut …

Background: Physical activity (PA) is increasingly advocated as an adjunct intervention for
individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the specific benefits of PA on the wide …

The monoamines serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline have a great impact on mood,
emotion and behavior. This article presents a new three-dimensional model for monoamine …

Anxiety disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, yet are poorly studied.
We examined the prevalence of anxiety disorders in PD, investigated the association …

BACKGROUND: Despite the relative neglect of anxiety in older adults, the growing literature
on its prevalence suggests that anxiety is highly prevalent and associated with considerable …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …

Depression and anxiety are some of the most common comorbidities arising in patients with
Parkinson's disease. However, their timely recognition and diagnosis are often hindered by …

In addition to the classic motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a
variety of nonmotor symptoms that significantly reduce quality of life, even in the early stages …

Depression and anxiety in Parkinson disease. Page 108 Depression and Anxiety in
Parkinson Disease Sudeshna Ray, MD a, Pinky Agarwal, MD a, b,* KEYWORDS …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is classically characterized by motor symptoms; however, non-
motor symptoms (NMS) are increasingly recognized as relevant in disease-state, given the …