Genomic profiling shows that many solid tumors are characterized by specific driver
aberrations, and this has expanded the therapeutic options for many patients. The mitogen …

Evidence is growing that the gut microbiota modulates the host response to
chemotherapeutic drugs, with three main clinical outcomes: facilitation of drug efficacy; …

Abstract Background Anti-PD1/PD-L1 directed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely
used to treat patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The activity of ICI …

How targeted therapies and immunotherapies shape tumors, and thereby influence
subsequent therapeutic responses, is poorly understood. In the present study, we show, in …

Approximately one-half of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanomas harbor a
mutation in the BRAF gene, with V600E being the most common mutation. Targeted therapy …

Identifying recurrent somatic genetic alterations of, and dependency on, the kinase BRAF
has enabled a “precision medicine” paradigm to diagnose and treat BRAF-driven tumors …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, microvesicles, oncosomes, and
microparticles have been associated with communicating anti-cancer drug-resistance. The …

The discovery of the role of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in melanomagenesis and its
progression have opened a new era in the treatment of this tumor. Vemurafenib was the first …

Recent technological advances in the field of molecular diagnostics (including blood-based
tumor genotyping) allow the measurement of clonal evolution in patients with cancer, thus …

Summary Background Patients with BRAF V600-mutant melanoma benefit from treatment
with the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors, but resistance and disease progression …