Sleep problems are widely prevalent and associated with various comorbidities including
anxiety. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a popular herbal medicine used as a sleep aid …

Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

IN BRIEF Far from a simple absence of wakefulness, sleep is an active, regulated, and
metabolically distinct state, essential for health and well-being. In this article, the authors …

We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but
these changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that …

A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and
neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter …

Adequate sleep is essential for general healthy functioning. This paper reviews recent
research on the effects of chronic sleep restriction on neurobehavioral and physiological …

Sleep deprivation severely compromises the ability of human beings to respond to stimuli in
a timely fashion. These deficits have been attributed in large part to failures of vigilant …

More than 70 years ago, von Economo predicted a wake-promoting area in the posterior
hypothalamus and a sleep-promoting region in the preoptic area. Recent studies have …

To appreciate the neural underpinnings of sleep, it is important to view this universal
mammalian behaviour at multiple levels of its biological organization. Molecularly, the …