The management of breast cancer has evolved into a multidisciplinary evidence-based
surgical speciality, with emphasis on conservative surgery. A number of landmark trials have …

Lymphedema is a chronic disorder of the lymphatic system characterized by the
accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissues. It affects millions of individuals worldwide …

Objective. To investigate the risk factors of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with
invasive breast cancer. Methods. This study retrospectively included 122 cases of invasive …

Historically, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was regarded as part of the curative
management of breast cancer. However, after clinical trials made it clear that ALND did not …

Objective To implement artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms for noninvasive lymph
node staging (NILS) to a decision support tool and facilitate the option to omit surgical …

Newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients with clinical T1–T2 N0 disease undergo
sentinel-lymph-node (SLN) biopsy, although most of them have a benign SLN. The pilot …

Background Among women with early invasive breast cancer and 1–2 positive sentinel
nodes, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is non-inferior to axillary lymph node dissection …

Background It is unclear whether upfront surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is
appropriate for first treatment in hormone receptor (HR)-positive human epidermal growth …

Background At present, the only opportunity to omit axillary staging is with Choosing Wisely
criteria for women ages> 70 y with cT1 2N0 estrogen receptor–positive/human epidermal …

Background There have been ongoing attempts to de-escalate surgical intervention in older
breast cancer patients in recent years. However, there remains ongoing hesitancy amongst …