Background There are no systematic evidence-based medical data on the complications of
endoscopic cervical spinal surgery. This narrative analysis compiled data from various …

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) began more than 20 years ago as percutaneous
endoscopic discectomy and has evolved to the present day. This technique offers many …

Objective To assess the cost and effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar
discectomy (PEID) and microscope-assisted tubular discectomy (MATD) for patients with …

Objective To demonstrate the non-inferiority of the novel hemostatic agent,
Hemofence®(BMI Korea Co. Ltd., Jeju Korea, thrombin cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel …

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Republic of Korea (ROK) experienced
three epidemic waves in February, August, and November 2020. These waves, combined …

Background: The biomechanical analysis of spine and postural misalignments is important
for surgical and non-surgical treatment of spinal pain. We investigated the examiner …

Cervical endoscopic spine surgery is rapidly evolving and gaining popularity for the
treatment of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. This approach significantly reduces …

A herniated disc in the spine is a condition during which a nucleus pulposus is displaced
from intervertebral space. It is a common cause of back pain. The patients who experience …

Spinal endoscopy has evolved significantly since its inception, offering minimally invasive
solutions for various spinal pathologies. This study introduces a promising innovation in …

Endoscopic surgery of the cervical spine is constantly evolving and the spectrum of its
indications has expanded in recent decades. Full-endoscopic techniques have standardized …