Autophagy adjusts cellular biomass and function in response to diverse stimuli, including
infection. Autophagy plays specific roles in shaping immune system development, fueling …

Eukaryotes use the process of autophagy, in which structures targeted for
lysosomal/vacuolar degradation are sequestered into double-membrane autophagosomes …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are tumor-selective, multi-mechanistic antitumor agents. They kill
infected cancer and associated endothelial cells via direct oncolysis, and uninfected cells …

Autophagy delivers cytoplasmic constituents to autophagolysosomes and is linked to both
innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling induces autophagy and …

Autophagy is a newly recognized innate defense mechanism, acting as a cell‐autonomous
system for elimination of intracellular pathogens. The signals and signalling pathways …

Autophagy and apoptosis are catabolic pathways essential for organismal homeostasis.
Autophagy is normally a cell‐survival pathway involving the degradation and recycling of …

Autophagy is known to be important in presentation of cytosolic antigens on MHC class II
(MHC II). However, the role of autophagic process in antigen presentation in vivo is unclear …

Autophagy is a highly conserved process that maintains homeostasis by clearing damaged
organelles and long-lived proteins. The consequences of deficiency in autophagy manifest …

Autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in the development, cellular homeostasis
and, especially, oncogenesis of mammals. They may be triggered by common upstream …

As autophagy is involved in cell growth, survival, development and death, impaired
autophagic flux has been linked to a variety of human pathophysiological processes …