Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and meniscal tear (MT) are major causal factors for
developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), but the biological mechanism (s) are …

Infection or vaccine-induced T cell-dependent immune response and the subsequent high-
affinity neutralizing antibody production have been extensively studied, while the connection …

Background A contributing factor in triggering autoimmune phenomena is pathogen
infections. Here we describe a case that expands the spectrum of infection-associated …

In the past few years, huge advances have been made in techniques to analyse cells at an
individual level using RNA sequencing, and many of these have precipitated exciting …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS),
traditionally considered a chronic autoimmune attack against the insulating myelin sheaths …

The function of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) in maintaining immunological tolerance has
been comprehensively explained; however, their function in pregnant patients dealing with …

Immature autoreactive B cells are present in all healthy individuals, but it is unclear which
signals are required for their maturation into antibody-producing cells. Inducible depletion of …

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism that is essential for maintaining
cellular homeostasis. In human disease, autophagy pathways are frequently deregulated …

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the recognition of self-antigens (autoantigens)
by immune system cells. Loss of immunological tolerance may lead to the generation of …

Objective We hypothesize alterations in the quality and quantity of anti–43-kDa TAR DNA-
binding protein (TDP-43) naturally occurring autoantibodies (NAbs) in patients with …