Evidence accumulated over the last two decades indicates that recurrent angioedema
without wheals constitutes a diverse family of disorders with a much higher complexity than …

COVID-19 has been associated with many neurological complications including stroke,
delirium and encephalitis. Furthermore, many individuals experience a protracted post-viral …

The discovery of an active lymphatic system in the meninges (dura mater) has opened up a
wide range of possibilities for the role of CNS immunoglobulins in brain development in …

Recent observations suggest that Gal antigen content in gut microbiota and anti-Gal
antibody response may influence inflammation in immune related disorders. In this review …

The detection of antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) is dependent on many factors and varies
between the populations. The aim of the study was first to assess the prevalence of ANA in …

Autoantibodies are a common mark of autoimmune reaction and their identification in the
patients' serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues is generally believed to represent diagnostic …

In genetically prone individuals, chronic immune activation may lead to expansion of
autoreactive lymphocyte clones that can induce organ damage developing autoimmune …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative
disease, which is characterized by the selective loss of the upper and lower motor neurons …

Background Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oligo-JIA) is considered as an antigen-
driven lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease. Natural antibodies (NAbs) are pre …

Natural IgM antibodies (NAbs) have been shown to recognize injury-associated
neoepitopes and to initiate pathogenic complement activation. The NAb termed C2 binds to …