Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors with high prevalence
among adult populations and elevated costs for public health systems worldwide. Despite …

Insulin resistance (IR), defined as an attenuated biological response to circulating insulin, is
a fundamental defect in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is also linked to a wide …

The rates of obesity and diabetes are increasing worldwide, whereas the age of onset for
both obesity and diabetes are decreasing steadily. Obesity and diabetes are associated with …

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition which refers to individuals whose cells and tissues
become insensitive to the peptide hormone, insulin. Over the recent years, a wealth of data …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder predisposing to diabetic
cardiomyopathy and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), which could lead to …

Insulin is a major regulator of cell metabolism but, in addition, is also a growth factor. Insulin
effects in target cells are mediated by the insulin receptor (IR), a transmembrane protein with …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide,
characterized by liver fatty acid accumulation and fibrosis, not due to excessive alcohol …

High serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels are associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). This
study aimed to assess the association of fasting serum FFAs with nonalcoholic fatty liver …

The insulin receptor (IR) mediates both metabolic and mitogenic effects especially when
overexpressed or in clinical conditions with compensatory hyperinsulinemia, due to the …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease in which both genetic and
environmental factors interact in determining impaired β-cell insulin secretion and peripheral …