Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has significant biological activity, degradability, and osteoconductivity.
In recent decades, it has been widely used in dentistry, anti-tumour drug carriers, and …

Successful regeneration of large segmental bone defects remains a major challenge in
clinical orthopedics, thus it is of important significance to fabricate a suitable alternative …

INTRODUCTION The components of bone assemble hierarchically to provide stiffness and
toughness. Deciphering the specific organization and relationship between bone's principal …

Collagen mineralization is a biological process in many skeletal elements in the animal
kingdom. Examples of these collagen‐based skeletons are the siliceous spicules of glass …

The observation and investigation of phenomena in the natural world can inspire the
discovery of new materials and a greater understanding of the underlying physical …

Over the past decade, we have observed a massive increase in the amount of information
describing protein sequences from a variety of organisms. 1, 2 While this may reflect the …

Biomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with
hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in …

An understanding of the structural complexity of mineralised tissues is fundamental for
exploration into the field of diagenesis. Here we review aspects of current and past research …

Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and
organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable …

Many biomineral crystals form complex non-equilibrium shapes, often via transient
amorphous precursors. Also in vitro crystals can be grown with non-equilibrium …