The term “zwitterionic polymers” refers to polymers that bear a pair of oppositely charged
groups in their repeating units. When these oppositely charged groups are equally …

Peptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new
production, modification, and analytic technologies. Peptides have been produced and …

Since the introduction of insulin almost a century ago, more than 80 peptide drugs have
reached the market for a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis …

Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention in various fields, such as
cosmetics, the food industry, material design, and nanomedicine. In particular, the fast …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of small peptides that widely exist in nature and
they are an important part of the innate immune system of different organisms. AMPs have a …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are regarded as a new generation of antibiotics. Besides
antimicrobial activity, AMPs also have antibiofilm, immune-regulatory, and other activities …

Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling
entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
amongst civilians and military personnel globally. Despite advances in our knowledge of the …

The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway regulates mRNA stability and translation in nearly all
human cells. Small double-stranded RNA molecules can efficiently trigger RNAi silencing of …

mRNA has broad potential as a therapeutic. Current clinical efforts are focused on
vaccination, protein replacement therapies, and treatment of genetic diseases. The clinical …