Liver blood tests (often also known as liver chemistries, liver tests, or the common misnomer
liver function tests) are routinely used in diagnosis and management of hepatobiliary …

IgG4-related disease is a multisystem immune-mediated disorder associated with lesions
manifesting an IgG4-rich plasma cell infiltrate and often raised serum IgG4 concentrations …

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated
fibrosclerosing disease with tumefactive lesions infiltrated by IgG4-positive plasma cells …

Pathologic conditions of the biliary system, although common, can be difficult to diagnose
clinically. Challenges in biliary imaging include anatomic variants and the dynamic nature of …

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by idiopathic biliary stricture followed
by progressive cholestasis and fibrosis. When diagnosing PSC, its differentiation from other …

Simple Summary The development of various molecular techniques has led to the
introduction of a new classification for biliary tract cancer and a better understanding of the …

Background Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic, immune-mediated
disease that can affect multiple organs, including the orbits, salivary glands, thyroid gland …

Sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by irregular and ill-defined inflammation, fibrosis, and
stricturing of the bile ducts and may be primary or secondary in cause. It causes progressive …

Abstract Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a systemic fibro-inflammatory disease
characterized by pathologic findings in various organs. Imaging is critical for the diagnosis …

There are various etiologies for extrahepatic bile duct stenosis, and pharmacotherapy and
endoscopic intervention can achieve a good clinical effect in benign stenosis. Early …