There is a growing number of studies on the association between ambient air pollution and
adverse pregnancy outcomes, but their results have been inconsistent. Consequently, a …

Children born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as a birth weight and/or length
below− 2 SD score (SDS), comprise a heterogeneous group. The causes of SGA are …

Importance Fetal safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the first trimester of
pregnancy or with gadolinium enhancement at any time of pregnancy is unknown. Objective …

Objective Accurate gestational‐age (GA) estimation, preferably by ultrasound measurement
of fetal crown–rump length before 14 weeks' gestation, is an important component of high …

Background and objective Examination of head shape and brain during the fetal period is
paramount to evaluate head growth, predict neurodevelopment, and to diagnose fetal …

Background Prenatal heavy metals exposure has shown a negative impact on birth weight.
However, their influence on different clinical forms of fetal smallness was never assessed …

Background Studies of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use during pregnancy in HIV-infected
women have suggested that ART exposure may be associated with adverse birth outcomes …

Background Current reference ranges for blood pressure and heart rate throughout
pregnancy have a poor evidence base. Methods This is a systematic review and meta …

Abstract This International Consensus Guideline was developed by experts in the field of
small for gestational age (SGA) of 10 pediatric endocrine societies worldwide. A consensus …

Background Preterm birth is a major global health challenge, the leading cause of death in
children under 5 years of age, and a key measure of a population's general health and …