Determining the psychological, computational, and neural bases of confidence and
uncertainty holds promise for understanding foundational aspects of human metacognition …

When facing uncertainty, adaptive behavioral strategies demand that the brain performs
probabilistic computations. In this probabilistic framework, the notion of certainty and …

People are often aware of their mistakes, and report levels of confidence in their choices that
correlate with objective performance. These metacognitive assessments of decision quality …

Human reasoning is often conceived as an interplay between a more intuitive and deliberate
thought process. In the last 50 years, influential fast-and-slow dual-process models that …

There is currently little direct evidence regarding the function of subjective confidence in
decision making: The tight correlation between objective accuracy and subjective …

A prominent source of polarised and entrenched beliefs is confirmation bias, where
evidence against one's position is selectively disregarded. This effect is most starkly evident …

Summary" Degree of certainty" refers to the subjective belief, prior to feedback, that a
decision is correct. A reliable estimate of certainty is essential for prediction, learning from …

Human perceptual decisions are often described as optimal. Critics of this view have argued
that claims of optimality are overly flexible and lack explanatory power. Meanwhile …

How should we measure metacognitive (“type 2”) sensitivity, ie the efficacy with which
observers' confidence ratings discriminate between their own correct and incorrect stimulus …

Ability in various cognitive domains is often assessed by measuring task performance, such
as the accuracy of a perceptual categorization. A similar analysis can be applied to …