Ticks are ectoparasitic arthropods that necessarily feed on the blood of their vertebrate
hosts. The success of blood acquisition depends on the pharmacological properties of tick …

Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful.
Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti …

Background The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a globally
invasive pest and plant virus vector on a wide array of food, fiber, and ornamental crops. The …

Insects lack acquired immunity and were thought to have no immune memory, but recent
studies reported a phenomenon called immune priming, wherein sublethal dose of …

Abstract Background Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a highly
invasive insect species due in part to its exceptionally high levels of polyphagy. This species …

More than 25% of human infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases (VBDs). These
diseases, caused by pathogens shared between animals and humans, are a growing threat …

Some canonical plant hormones such as auxins and gibberellins have precursors that are
biogenic volatiles (indole, indole acetonitrile, phenylacetaldoxime and ent‐kaurene) …

Insects are by far the most abundant and diverse living organisms on earth and are
frequently prone to microbial attacks. In other to counteract and overcome microbial …

The aquaculture industry has suffered significant financial losses as a result of disease
outbreaks. In particular, disease outbreaks have become a major problem that can seriously …

Most animals harbor a gut microbiota that consists of potentially pathogenic, commensal,
and mutualistic microorganisms. Dual oxidase (Duox) is a well described enzyme involved …