Kidney stone disease is a polygenic and multifactorial disorder with a worldwide distribution,
and its incidence and prevalence are increasing. Although significant progress has been …

The overall prevalence of kidney stones (KS) in the US rose from 3.2% in 1980 to 10.1% in
2016, but the trends in important subgroups have not been reported. We examined the …

Urolithiasis affects around 10% of the US population with an increasing rate of prevalence,
recurrence and penetrance. The causes for the formation of most urinary calculi remain …

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a complex disorder with high heritability and prevalence. We
performed a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for KSD to date …

Background Trace metals are essential trace elements for the human body, but insufficient
or excessive levels of metal ions can lead to the development of disease. The purpose of …

Many theories have been put forward to explain the mechanism of stone formation and
growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the urinary, serum and stone levels of zinc …

Zinc and copper levels were determined in serum and urine of 434 subjects living in an
industrial and an agricultural area of Tarragona Province, Spain. Zinc and copper …

Purpose The association between the intake of trace metals and the risk of incident stones
has not been longitudinally investigated. Materials and Methods We performed a …

Serum copper and zinc concentrations of 506 (414 males and 92 females) apparently
healthy Greek blood donors aged 18–60 years old were determined by flame atomic …

In the process of urinary stone formation, several heavy metals and trace elements (HMTE)
have been identified among the major constituents of the calculi. The micro-elements within …