The use of documentary evidence to investigate past climatic trends and events has become
a recognised approach in recent decades. This contribution presents the state of the art in its …

Temperature reconstructions from Europe for the past 500 years based on documentary and
instrumental data are analysed. First, the basic documentary data sources, including …

We evaluate variability, trends, uncertainties, and change of extremes of reconstructed and
observed European spring and autumn temperature back to 1500. Spring and autumn …

Monthly temperature series for Central Europe back to AD 1500 are developed from
documentary index series from Germany, Switzerland and the Czech Republic (1500–1854) …

Abstract El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects climate not only in the Pacific region
and the tropics, but also in the North Atlantic-European area. Studies based on twentieth …

Fine wine has a few characteristics that differentiate it from other agricultural commodities
and beverages, rendering it an interesting topic for economists. Fine wine can regularly fetch …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a necessary task for assessing to which degree
the industrial period is unusual against the background of pre-industrial climate variability. It …

At the beginning of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, in the ninth and tenth century, the
medieval eastern Roman empire, more usually known as Byzantium, was recovering from its …

In this article, we provide an overview of the extensive literature on the impact of weather
and climate on grapes and wine with the goal of describing how climate change is likely to …

Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of
variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of …