Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy may negatively impact newborn birth weight. This
study investigates the relationship between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and …

Many human conceptions are genetically abnormal and end in miscarriage, which is the
commonest complication of pregnancy. Recurrent miscarriage, the loss of three or more …

The majority of miscarriages are sporadic and most result from genetic causes that are
greatly influenced by maternal age. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined by two or …

This review summarizes the level of epidemiologic evidence for relationships between
prenatal and/or early life exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and fetal, child …

Objectives: Exposure to high concentrations of persistent organochlorines may cause fetal
toxicity, but the evidence at low exposure levels is limited. Large studies with substantial …

Background. While active maternal tobacco smoking has well established adverse perinatal
outcomes, the effects of passive maternal smoking, also called environmental tobacco …

Background: Clinical infertility is a prevalent problem with significant financial and
psychosocial costs. Modifiable lifestyle factors exist that may affect a person's time to …

Although an association between air pollution and adverse systemic health effects has been
known for years, the effect of pollutants on neurodevelopment has been underappreciated …

Recurrent miscarriages are postimplantation failures in natural conception; they are also
termed as habitual abortions or recurrent pregnancy losses. Recurrent pregnancy loss is …

Background Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular pathogen that can lead to
abortion in pregnant women infected with this parasite. Therefore, the present study aimed …