The immune privilege of the testes is necessary to prevent immune attacks to gamete-
specific antigens and paternal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, allowing …

Up to 50% of infertility is caused by the male side. Varicocele, orchitis, prostatitis,
oligospermia, asthenospermia, and azoospermia are common causes of impaired male …

Although the prevalence of sub-infertility in diabetic patients in childbearing age is known,
the mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus (DM) causes male infertility are not completely …

Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) is the most severe and common pathological type of non-
obstructive azoospermia. The etiology of SCOS remains largely unknown to date despite a …

Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector lymphocytes that play a pivotal role in the
innate and adaptive immune responses to tumors and viral infection. NKT cells are a …

Varicocele is a common cause of sperm damage. Some studies showed higher
concentration of seminal leukocytes in patients with varicocele. The aim of the study was to …

Purpose Abnormal spermatozoa significantly impact reproductive health, affecting fertility
rates, potentially prolonging conception time, and increasing the risk of miscarriages. This …

Male accessory gland inflammation or infection (MAGI) is a potentially underdiagnosed
complication of type 2 diabetes (DM2); specifically, we reported in a recent study that the …

Asthenozoospermia, a male fertility disorder, has a complex and multifactorial etiology.
Moreover, the effectiveness of different treatments for asthenozoospermia remains …

Controversy exists on the role of leucocytospermia on fertilisation rates and IVF outcomes.
The aim of our study was to identify the effect of leucocytes and leucocyte subpopulations on …