Much data support an essential role for interleukin (IL)-2 in immune tolerance. This idea is
much different from the early paradigm in which IL-2 is central for protective immune …

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by pain, swelling, and destruction of joints, with
resultant disability. Only disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs can interfere with the …

The X chromosome is known to contain the largest number of immune-related genes of the
whole human genome. For this reason, X chromosome has recently become subject of great …

The dynamics of CD4+ effector T cells (Teff cells) and CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg
cells) during diabetes progression in nonobese diabetic mice was investigated to determine …

Dendritic cells (DCs) produce cytokines and are susceptible to cytokine-mediated activation.
Thus, interaction of resting immature DCs with TLR ligands, for example nucleic acids, or …

A new regulatory T (T reg) cell–specific, FoxP3-GFP-hCre bacterial artificial chromosome
transgenic mouse was crossed to a conditional Dicer knockout (KO) mouse strain to analyze …

Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptors (S1PR) are ubiquitously
expressed. S1P-S1PR signaling has been well characterized in immune trafficking and …

The adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers a promising strategy to combat
pathologies that are characterized by aberrant immune activation, including graft rejection …

Human T helper 17 (TH17) cells regulate host defense, autoimmunity, and tumor immunity.
Although cytokines that control human TH17 cell development have been identified, the …

Autoimmune diseases are caused by immune cells attacking the host tissues they are
supposed to protect. Recent advances suggest that maintaining a balance of effector and …