T cell development and differentiation is carefully orchestrated by a series of cytokines. The
importance of STAT family proteins in mediating signals by these cytokines is well-known …

Identifying β cell autoantigen-reactive T cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1
diabetes has been troublesome for many laboratories. Disease-relevant autoreactive T cells …

The aim of our study was to investigate and characterize regulatory T cells (Treg) in
peripheral blood of patients with connective tissue diseases (Systemic lupus erythematosus …

Active delivery of recombinant autoantigens or allergens at the intestinal mucosa by
genetically modified Lactococcus lactis (LL) provides a novel therapeutic approach for the …

Background & Aims: Obtaining antigen-specific immune suppression is an important goal in
developing treatments of autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic gastrointestinal diseases …

Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a widely expressed
neuropeptide originally discovered in the hypothalamus. It closely resembles vasoactive …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a long‐term and chronic autoimmune disorder, in which
the immune system attacks the pancreatic β‐cells. Both adaptive and innate immune …

Autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes are complex in their pathogenesis. One
approach to improving our understanding of type 1 diabetes is the study of diseases that …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered group of small noncoding RNAs that
regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are highly expressed in cells of the …

Recent progress has revealed the molecular basis of how self-reactive T cells are normally
generated in the immune system and differentiate into autoimmune effector T cells and how …