Abstract Health Insurance and Review Assessment (HIRA) in South Korea, also called
National Health Insurance (NHI) data, is a repository of claims data collected in the process …

Background Chronic respiratory disease causes substantial global morbidity and mortality.
The contribution of pulmonary tuberculosis to the aetiology of chronic respiratory disease is …

Objectives Since the risk of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) may depend on the
setting, we aimed to determine the associations of risk factors of MDR-TB across different …

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are indicated for the prevention of exacerbations in COPD;
however, a significant proportion of patients at low risk of exacerbations are treated with …

Background Despite the availability of national and international guidelines, evidence
suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment is not always …

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the Corona Virus Disease-
2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, which originated in China. At the host level, COVID …

Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. This
study was performed to determine if ICS use is associated with an increased risk of …

Background The current Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)
treatment strategy recommends the use of one or more bronchodilators according to the …

Background Real-world prescription pathways leading to triple therapy (TT)(inhaled
corticosteroid [ICS] plus long-acting β2-agonist bronchodilator [LABA] plus long-acting …

Background The global population is ageing quickly and our understanding of age-related
changes in the immune system suggest that the elderly will have less immunological …