BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized aggregates of immune
cells that form postnatally in nonlymphoid tissues. TLSs are not found under physiological …

B cells are a major component of the tumour microenvironment, where they are
predominantly associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). In germinal centres within …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent disease with a progression that is modulated
by the immune system. Systemic therapy is used in the advanced stage and until 2017 …

Strategies to therapeutically target the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as a
promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years due to the critical roles of the TME …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potentially useful platforms in treatment methods for
patients with tumors. They preferentially target and kill tumor cells, leaving healthy cells …

The tumor development and metastasis are closely related to the structure and function of
the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, TME modulation strategies have attracted …

The clinical success of cancer immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has refocused attention
on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) across cancer types. The outcome of immune …

Abstract The international American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International
Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system provides the …

Conventional chemotherapeutics have been developed into clinically useful agents based
on their ability to preferentially kill malignant cells, generally owing to their elevated …

Neutrophils play a key role in defence against infection and in the activation and regulation
of innate and adaptive immunity. In cancer, tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) have …