Cadmium is a toxic metal occurring in the environment naturally and as a pollutant
emanating from industrial and agricultural sources. Food is the main source of cadmium …

Cadmium is an important industrial agent and environmental pollutant that is a major cause
of kidney disease. With chronic exposure, cadmium accumulates in the epithelial cells of the …

Cadmium is a toxic metal with no known biological function. It is increasingly important as an
environmental hazard to both humans and wildlife, and it exemplifies the double edged …

Exposure of human populations to cadmium (Cd) from air, food and water may produce
effects in organs such as the kidneys, liver, lungs, cardiovascular, immune and reproductive …

Several millions of people are exposed to cadmium worldwide due to natural and
anthropogenic activities that led to their widespread distribution in the environment and have …

Exposure to metals may promote atherosclerosis. Blood cadmium and lead were associated
with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition …

The kidney function can be assessed by a number of methods. The urinary excretion of
enzymes, in particular N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), is considered a relatively …

The purpose of the study was to determine Pb and Cd concentrations in humans and to
assess the effect of co-exposure to these metals on biomarkers of oxidative stress and …

As the risks of cadmium (Cd)-induced kidney disease have become increasingly apparent,
much attention has been focused on the development and use of sensitive biomarkers of Cd …

Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are predominate toxic
constituents of particulate air pollution that may be related to the increased risk of …