Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale vesicles
secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem cells are a class of …

Plastic surgery is a discipline that uses surgical methods or tissue transplantation to repair,
reconstruct and beautify the defects and deformities of human tissues and organs. Three …

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with a very poor
prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common …

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a promising class of fluorescent probes for
cellular imaging due to their high resistance to photobleaching and low toxicity …

Currently, bone defect repair is still an intractable clinical problem. Numerous treatments
have been performed, but their clinical results are unsatisfactory. As a key element of cell …

Autoimmune diseases are complex, chronic inflammatory conditions initiated by the loss of
immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Nowadays, there is no effective and useful therapy …

Tumors are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Cell-derived biomimetic
functional materials have shown great promise in the treatment of tumors. These materials …

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles produced by all cells, and they are present
in various body fluids. Exosomes play crucial roles in tumor initiation/progression, immune …

Biomimetic delivery systems (BDSs), inspired by the intricate designs of biological systems,
have emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm in nanomedicine, offering unparalleled …

The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through
suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory …