Traditional microbial synthesis of chemicals and fuels often rely on energy-rich feedstocks
such as glucose, raising ethical concerns as they are directly competing with the food …

Microbial energy systems have attracted much interest in the past two decades because
they can achieve the conversion of biological energy and electrical energy. The core …

While many metabolisms make use of soluble, cell-permeable substrates like oxygen or
hydrogen, there are other energy-yielding sources, like iron or manganese, that cannot be …