The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Mitochondria have cell-type specific phenotypes, perform dozens of interconnected
functions and undergo dynamic and often reversible physiological recalibrations. Given their …

Mitochondria are vital organelles with distinct morphological features and functional
properties. The dynamic network of mitochondria undergoes structural and functional …

The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that
cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal …

The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a permeability increase of the inner
mitochondrial membrane mediated by a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP) …

The protonation state of soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules dictates their
charge, conformation, and functional activity. In addition, protons (H+ or their equivalents) …

The steroid hormones progestagens, estrogens, androgens, and glucocorticoids as well as
their precursor cholesterol are required for successful establishment and maintenance of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence in the general population and is
associated with high mortality; a need therefore exists for better biomarkers for diagnosis …

Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-protein thiol in cells whose functions are dependent on
the redox-active thiol of its cysteine moiety that serves as a cofactor for a number of …

Mitokines are signaling molecules that enable communication of local mitochondrial stress
to other mitochondria in distant cells and tissues. Among those molecules are FGF21 …