Owing to the dysregulation of protein kinase activity in many diseases including cancer, this
enzyme family has become one of the most important drug targets in the 21 st century. There …

Owing to the dysregulation of protein kinase activity in many diseases including cancer, this
enzyme family has become one of the most important drug targets in the 21st century. There …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease at the cellular and molecular levels.
Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) is a commonly mutated oncogene in CRC, with mutations in …

Mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signalling pathways that
regulate a wide variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation …

Tyrosine kinases are implicated in tumorigenesis and progression, and have emerged as
major targets for drug discovery. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inhibit corresponding …

Because genetic alterations including mutations, overexpression, translocations, and
dysregulation of protein kinases are involved in the pathogenesis of many illnesses, this …

Although many kinds of therapies are applied in the clinic, drug-resistance is a major and
unavoidable problem. Another disturbing statistic is the limited number of drug targets, which …

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death.
Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant …

Because mutations, overexpression, and dysregulation of protein kinases play essential
roles in the pathogenesis of many illnesses, this enzyme family has become one of the most …

Abstract The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway
involved in cell proliferation and survival. The three-layered MAPK signaling cascade is …