Upon increasing levels of threat, animals activate qualitatively different defensive modes,
including freezing and active fight-or-flight reactions. Whereas freezing is a form of …

Evolution has endowed all humans with a continuum of innate, hard-wired, automatically
activated defense behaviors, termed the defense cascade. Arousal is the first step in …

A consensual, componential model of emotions conceptualises them as experiential,
physiological, and behavioural responses to personally meaningful stimuli. The present …

The late positive potential (LPP) is a reliable electrophysiological index of emotional
perception in humans. Despite years of research, the brain structures that contribute to the …

Most animals live under constant threat from predators, and predation has been a major
selective force in shaping animal behaviour. Nevertheless, defence responses against …

In order to bridge interdisciplinary differences in Presence research and to establish
connections between Presence and “older” concepts of psychology and communication, a …

This paper applies the limited capacity model of motivated mediated messages (LC4MP) to
the problem of creating effective messages about cancer. A general description of the model …

Theoretical models of addiction suggest that attentional bias for substance-related cues
should be associated with self-reported craving. The authors evaluated the strength of the …

The dot probe task [J Abnorm Psychol 95 (1986) 15] is an often-used paradigm to
investigate selective attention to threat. A facilitated response to probes that appear at the …

We developed affective norms for 1,121 Italian words in order to provide researchers with a
highly controlled tool for the study of verbal processing. This database was developed from …