Individuals who have been incarcerated experience unparalleled health and economic
disparities. Stigma, defined as a social phenomenon in which labeling, separation, and …

Purpose This paper aims to determine whether criminal justice (CJ) stigma affects health
outcomes and health care utilization. Design/methodology/approach The authors reviewed …

After years of stagnation, labeling theory has recently gained new empirical support.
Simultaneously, new policy initiatives have attempted to restructure criminal record stigma to …

People with concealable stigmatized identities, such as a criminal record, often anticipate
stigma from others. Anticipated stigma is thought to cause withdrawal from situations in …

Background: Pakistan is a country where the rate of crime is constantly increasing, with
many ex-convicts committing the crime again after getting released from prison, with no …

Incarceration separates individuals from their families and communities, strictly limiting and
controlling contact with the outside world. Despite these barriers, those who maintain contact …

Recent scholarship has affirmed the importance of overall health and wellbeing for people
exposed to incarceration. Specifically, researchers have begun to ascertain how physical …

Upon conviction, individuals receive the stigmatizing label “criminal offender.” Existing
stereotypes about criminal offenders may be integrated into the self-concept, a phenomenon …

Those involved in the criminal justice system are swiftly identified as “criminals.” Receipt of
this label may promote self-stigma, a process wherein criminal stereotypes are internalized …

Transgressive conduct and opposition towards the rules often characterize adolescence.
During the development, antisocial and aggressive behavior could be a way to grow …