Filarioid nematodes, which are vector-borne parasites of cosmopolitan distribution, of dogs
are medically important. They are represented by species in which microfilariae were found …

Canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, can cause severe disease and sometimes death of
the host. Associated clinical signs, lack of preventative usage and regional endemicity are …

Abstract Background Heartworms, Dirofilaria immitis, are known to be widespread in dogs
and cats in the USA, but there have been no country-wide prevalence studies performed to …

Background The dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes has been utilized to enhance
the accuracy of serological tests for infectious diseases, including Dirofilaria immitis …

Background Immune complexing of target antigen to high affinity host antibody is recognized
to impact the sensitivity of commercial heartworm antigen tests. Published information …

Background Various heartworm (HW) diagnostic testing modalities detect products of, or
reactions to, different life cycle stages of Dirofilaria immitis. Microfilariae (Mf) can be directly …

Dirofilaria repens is a parasitic nematode causing vector-borne disease (dirofilariasis),
considered an emerging problem in veterinary and human medicine. Although main hosts …

Since the mid-1990s, male-only heartworm infections have been considered undetectable
using antigen tests based on experimental studies. Results from those studies are in …

Abstract Background Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a life-threatening infection of
dogs with a global distribution. Information on the prevalence of D. immitis and associated …

Background: Heartworm disease (HWD) is a vector-borne disease caused by the filarial
nematode Dirofilaria immitis. Low antigen levels caused by immune complex formation …