Pneumonia is inflammation in the lungs, which is usually caused by an infection. The
symptoms of pneumonia can vary from mild to life-threatening, where severe illness is often …

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important lipid mediator in inflammatory and immune
responses during acute and chronic infections. Upon stimulation by various proinflammatory …

Bioprinting is a new technology, which arranges cells with high spatial resolution, but its
potential to create models for viral infection studies has not yet been fully realized. The …

The body is exposed to foreign pathogens every day, but remarkably, most pathogens are
effectively cleared by the innate immune system without the need to invoke the adaptive …

Free-living amoebas, including Acanthamoeba spp., are widely distributed in soil, water, and
air. They are capable of causing granulomatous amebic encephalitis, Acanthamoeba …

Lung diseases belong to the major causes of death worldwide. Recent innovative
methodological developments now allow more and more for the use of primary human …

Infectious diseases represent one of the largest medical challenges worldwide. Bacterial
infections, in particular, remain a pertinent health challenge and burden. Moreover, such …

Lower respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) are a leading
cause of death globally. Here we investigate the bronchial epithelial cellular response to …

Background Mycobacterial infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Due to limitations of the currently available model systems, there are still …

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pn.) is the most common bacterial pathogen causing
community acquired pneumonia. The pore-forming toxin pneumolysin (PLY) is the major …