T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Since their discovery almost two decades ago, interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (TH17
cells) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory …

Polyamine synthesis represents one of the most profound metabolic changes during T cell
activation, but the biological implications of this are scarcely known. Here, we show that …

Abstract IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Targeting the effector cytokines IL-17 and …

The immune system is a fascinating world of cells, soluble factors, interacting cells, and
tissues, all of which are interconnected. The highly complex nature of the immune system …

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. Immune dysfunction
may play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD, in which the role of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells …

Vitamin D has been reported to influence physiological systems that extend far beyond its
established functions in calcium and bone homeostasis. Prominent amongst these are the …

Naïve CD4+ T cells coordinate the immune response by acquiring an effector phenotype in
response to cytokines. However, the cytokine responses in memory T cells remain largely …

Since the original identification of the T helper 17 (Th17) subset in 2005, it has become
evident that these cells do not only contribute to host defence against pathogens, such as …

Alteration of the gut microbiota has been associated with different gastrointestinal disorders.
Normobiosis restoration by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered a …