The general topic of this review is protein‐based underwater adhesives produced by aquatic
organisms. The focus is on mechanisms of interfacial adhesion to native surfaces and …

Aquatic invertebrates are a major source of biomaterials and bioactive natural products that
can find applications as pharmaceutics, nutraceutics, cosmetics, antibiotics, antifouling …

Marine sessile organisms naturally attach themselves to diverse materials in water by a
technique that has so far remained unreproducible. Recent studies on the holdfast of marine …

Echinoderms attach strongly and temporarily to the substratum by means of specialized
organs, the podia or tube feet. The latter consist of a basal extensible cylinder, the stem …

The rapid control of surface attachment is a key feature of natural adhesive systems used for
locomotion, and a property highly desirable for man-made adhesives. Here, we describe the …

Sea stars rely on epidermal secretions to cope with their benthic life. Their integument
produces a mucus, which represents the first barrier against invaders; and their tube feet …

To resist hydrodynamic forces, two main underwater attachment strategies have evolved
multiple times in aquatic animals: glue-like “bioadhesive secretions” and pressure-driven …

Sea urchins are common inhabitants of wave-swept shores. To withstand the action of
waves, they rely on highly specialized independent adhesive organs, the adoral tube feet …

Background Free-living flatworms, in both marine and freshwater environments, are able to
adhere to and release from a substrate several times within a second. This reversible …

A highly effective way is found to incorporate dopamine (DA) containing catechol groups into
waterborne polyurethane backbone. Firstly, prepolymer polyurethane (PPU) containing …