Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones often develop attached to Randall's plaque
present on kidney papillary surfaces. Similar to the plaques formed during vascular …

Kidney stone disease is one of the oldest diseases known to medicine; however, the
mechanisms of stone formation and development remain largely unclear. Over the past …

Aim this study aims to explore the effect of androgen receptor (AR) blockade by flutamide on
some renal pathologic changes such as inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in male rats …

Background The global prevalence and recurrence rate of kidney stones is very high.
Recent studies of Randall plaques and urinary components in vivo, and in vitro including …

Background Nephrolithiasis is a common urinary disease with a high recurrence rate of
secondary stone formation. Several mechanisms are involved in the onset and recurrence of …

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is one of the earliest medical diseases known, but the
mechanism of its formation and metabolic changes remain unclear. The formation of kidney …

Macrophages are a type of functionally plastic cells that can create a pro-/anti-inflammatory
microenvironment for organs by producing different kinds of cytokines, chemokines, and …

Abstract Background Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition and crystal-induced renal
tubular epithelial cell injury have been found to fundamentally contribute to the formation of …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in
the United States. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the dominant oncogenic pathway in …

Background Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases in urology, with a lifetime
prevalence of 14% and is more prevalent in males compared to females. We designed to …